Image of Kenneth Patchen

Kenneth Patchen was born into a poor family in Niles, Ohio. He moved to Wisconsin after high school and studied at the University of Wisconsin. He then held a variety of jobs as a migrant worker in the United States and Canada, and ended up in New York City, where, in 1936, he published his first book of poems, Before the Brave. His over 40 books of poetry include Wonderings (1971), But Even So (1968), Poems of Humor and Protest (1960), To Say If You Love Someone (1959), and Selected Poems (1946). In 1967, Patchen was recognized by the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities for “a life-long contribution to American letters.”

Largely a self-taught writer, Patchen never appeared to win widespread recognition from the professors at universities or many literary critics. As the New York Times Book Review noted, “While some critics tended to dismiss his work as naive, romantic, capricious and concerned often with the social problems of the 1930s, others found him a major voice in American poetry.”

Patchen’s poetry has always resonated with young people. Kenneth Rexroth once pointed out that “during the Second World War and the dark days of reaction afterwards [Patchen] was the most popular poet on college campuses.” One reason for the attraction of generations of college-age readers to Patchen may be the quality of timelessness of his beliefs and ideas. An article in the New York Times explained that Patchen’s antiwar poetry—written in response to atrocities of World War II—was embraced by students protesting the Vietnam War in the late 1960s.

A writer for the New York Times Book Review once wrote that “there is the voice of anger—outspoken rage against the forces of hypocrisy and injustice in our world. Patchen sees man as a creature of crime and violence, a fallen angel who is haunted by all the horrors of the natural world, and who still continues to kill his own kind: ‘Humanity is a good thing. Perhaps we can arrange the murder of a sizable number of people to save it.’”

Patchen was also known for creating painted poems. He collaborated with the composer John Cage on the radio play The City Wears A Slouch Hat (broadcast in 1942), in the 1950s he became famous in poetry circles for reading his poetry to the accompaniment of jazz music.

He died in Palo Alto, California in 1972.

Bibliography

POETRY

  • Before the Brave, Random House, 1936.
  • First Will and Testament, New Directions, 1939.
  • Teeth of the Lion, New Directions, 1942.
  • The Dark Kingdom, Harriss & Givens, 1942.
  • Cloth of the Tempest, Harper, 1943.
  • An Astonished Eye Looks Out of the Air, Untide Press, 1945.
  • Outlaw of the Lowest Planet, Grey Walls Press, 1946.
  • Selected Poems, New Directions, 1946.
  • Pictures of Life and Death, Max Padell, 1947.
  • They Keep Riding Down All the Time, Max Padell, 1947.
  • Panels for the Walls of Heaven, Bern Porter, 1947.
  • CCCLXXIV Poems, Max Padell, 1948.
  • Red Wine and Yellow Hair, New Directions, 1949.
  • Orchards, Thrones and Caravans, Print Workshop, 1952.
  • Fables and Other Little Tales, Jonathan Williams, 1953.
  • The Famous Boating Party and Other Poems in Prose, New Directions, 1954.
  • Glory Never Guesses, privately printed, 1955.
  • Surprise for the Bagpipe Player, privately printed, 1956.
  • When We Were Here Together, New Directions, 1957.
  • Hurrah for Anything: Poems and Drawings (also see below), Jonathan Williams, 1957.
  • Poemscapes (also see below), Jonathan Williams, 1958.
  • To Say If You Love Someone, Decker Press, 1959.
  • Because It Is (also see below), New Directions, 1960.
  • Love Poems, City Lights, 1960, published as The Love Poems of Kenneth Patchen, Kraus Reprint, 1973.
  • Poems of Humor and Protest, City Lights, 1960.
  • Selected Love Poems, Jargon, 1965.
  • Like Fun I'll Tell You, Jonathan Williams, 1966.
  • Hallelujah Anyway (also see below), New Directions, 1966.
  • But Even So (also see below), New Directions, 1968.
  • Love and War Poems, Whisper & Shout, 1968.
  • The Collected Poems of Kenneth Patchen, New Directions, 1969.
  • Aflame and Afun of Walking Faces, New Directions, 1970.
  • Wonderings, New Directions, 1971.
  • In Quest of Candlelighters, New Directions, 1972.
  • A Poem for Christmas, Artichoke, 1976.
  • The Argument of Innocence, Scrimshaw Press, 1977.
  • Still Another Pelican in the Breadbox, edited by Richard Morgan, Pig Iron Press, 1980.
  • What Shall We Do Without Us? The Voice and Vision of Kenneth Patchen, Sierra Book Club, 1984.

NOVELS

  • The Journal of Albion Moonlight, Max Padell, 1941.
  • The Memoirs of a Shy Pornographer: An Amusement, New Directions, 1945.
  • Sleepers Awake, Max Padell, 1946.
  • See You in the Morning, Max Padell, 1948.

PLAYS

  • Now You See It (Don't Look Now), produced Off-Off-Broadway at Thresholds Theatre, December, 1966.
  • Patchen's Lost Plays, edited by Richard Morgan, Capra, 1977.

OMNIBUS VOLUMES

  • Doubleheader (contains Poemscapes, Hurrah for Anything, and A Letter to God), New Directions, 1966.
  • Out of the World of Patchen, New Directions, 1970, Volume 1: Because It Is, Volume 2: But Even So, Volume 3: Doubleheader, Volume 4: Hallelujah Anyway.

Further Readings

BOOKS

  • Contemporary Literary Criticism, Gale, Volume 1, 1973, Volume 2, 1974, Volume 18, 1981.
  • Dictionary of Literary Biography, Gale, Volume 16: The Beats: Literary Bohemians in Postwar America, 1983, Volume 48: American Poets, 1880-1945, First Series, 1986.
  • Rexroth, Kenneth, Assays, New Directions, 1961.
  • Rexroth, Kenneth, American Poetry in the Twentieth Century, Herder, 1971.
  • Walsh, Chad, Today's Poets, Scribner, 1964.
  • Wilder, Amos N., Spiritual Aspects of the New Poetry, Harper, 1940.

PERIODICALS

  • New York Times Book Review, February 2, 1958; June 22, 1958; October 20, 1968.
  • Poetry, September, 1958; February, 1965.
  • Saturday Review, July 12, 1958.
  • Yale Review, June, 1958.

OBITUARIES:

PERIODICALS

  • Newsweek, January 24, 1972.
  • New York Times, January 9, 1972; January 10, 1972.
  • Publishers Weekly, January 24, 1972.
  • Time, January 24, 1972.
  • Washington Post, January 10, 1972.